Strength is what a bolt is bought for, and it falls with size. Quenched-and-tempered bolting does not harden right through a thick section, so the strength tables step down as the diameter goes up: ASTM A193 B7 needs 125 ksi tensile and 105 ksi yield up to 2-1/2 in., 115 and 95 ksi over 2-1/2 to 4 in., and 100 and 75 ksi over 4 to 7 in.
A full-size pull proves the fastener itself, threads and all, but gives only the load it carries and its yield by the offset method. Elongation and reduction of area need a machined specimen like the one shown here.
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model dataSpecimen drawn to ASTM E8 (standard 0.500 in. round, 2.000 in. gauge length, threaded ends) and located as ASTM A370 Annex A3 sets out. Yield by the 0.2% offset method of ASTM E8. B7 minimums from ASTM A193 Table 2. The curve shows the shape of a test only, not a result; the machine, grips and extensometer are generic.
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