1045 Carbon Steel (UNS G10450)
The medium-carbon workhorse: hardenable by quench and temper, induction hardenable at the surface, strong as drawn — for shafts, axles, studs, gears and hydraulic components.
What 1045 is.
1045 carries 0.43 to 0.50 percent carbon, enough to harden by quenching and tempering and to respond to flame or induction hardening on the surface. As cold-drawn bar it is already stronger than the low-carbon grades, and it can be quenched and tempered for more, with full hardness only in thin sections. It is the standard material for shafts, axles, hydraulic rams, studs and gears where alloy steel is not required.
We machine 1045 shafts, studs, pins and components from cold-finished or hot-rolled bar, and heat treat or induction harden to the drawing.
Chemical composition.
| Element | Symbol | Min % | Max % |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon | C | 0.43 | 0.50 |
| Manganese | Mn | 0.60 | 0.90 |
| Phosphorus | P | — | 0.040 |
| Sulfur | S | — | 0.050 |
Per SAE J403 / ASTM A29, confirmed by AZoM, eFunda, Eaton Steel Bar and Capital Steel.
Mechanical properties.
| Condition (¾–1¼ in. round) | Tensile strength, typical (ksi) | Yield strength 0.2% offset, typical (ksi) | Elongation, typical (%) | Reduction of area, typical (%) | Hardness, typical |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cold drawn | 91 | 77 | 12 | 35 | 179 HB |
| Hot rolled | 82 | 45 | 16 | 40 | 163 HB |
Typical values for ¾ to 1¼ in. round bar, confirmed by Capital Steel, MW Components (MatWeb data), Alro and Online Metals. ASTM A108 sets no mechanical requirements, so order to a stated minimum where one matters. Quenched-and-tempered properties depend on section size and tempering temperature; confirm them with our estimating team.
Specifications that apply.
How 1045 ships from Houston.
- Machined components from certified bar
- Studs, threaded rod and U-bolts
- Hex bolts and cap screws
- Nuts, washers and spacers
- Pins, shafts and bushings
1045 fasteners we make.
Every item is manufactured to your drawing or standard in 1045, imperial or metric, with an EN 10204 3.1 certificate.
What is 1045 steel?
1045 is a medium-carbon steel: enough carbon to form martensite on quenching, so it can be fully hardened in thin sections and surface hardened by induction in any section. In the cold-drawn condition it is already about 40 percent stronger than 1018. It welds only with preheat and care, so it is a machined-part material rather than a fabrication steel.
Testing, certification and marking
- Hardness tested per lot; tensile on request or where the specification requires it
- Manufacturer's identification and heat number on every piece where size allows
- EN 10204 3.1 material test report with heat number and chemistry
- PMI verification on request
1018 Carbon Steel (UNS G10180)
The everyday machining steel: low carbon, easily welded and case hardened, cold drawn for a clean finish — for pins, spacers, brackets and non-critical machined parts.
ASTM A108 / A29 / A311 bar1144 Free-Machining Carbon Steel (UNS G11440)
Medium-carbon free-machining steel that is strong straight from the bar: about 108 ksi cold drawn, machines well, hardens by induction — the Stressproof® family grade for shafts and studs without heat treatment.
ASTM A322 bar · ASTM A434 Q&T barAISI 4140 Alloy Steel (UNS G41400)
The workhorse Cr-Mo steel behind B7, L7 and Grade 7 — the bar stock for studs, shafts, couplings and any part that needs 100 to 150 ksi and good toughness.